I'm not anthropologist, sociologist, or field biologist. I think the "experts" tend to try to bracket, define, include, exclude, eliminate, classify, allocate, arrange, and group certain attributes to these things that I think is way premature.
To suggest that language would define a social behavior necessary to classify these things in a certain bracket is likewise premature. We don't know how or how much the communicate. I see the deaf and those without the ability to speak words communicate quite well every day. They can say just about anything we can, but with sign language. Whales, killer whales, and porpoises communicate very effectively, without a spoken language. Their communications oddly, meets their needs.
Tool and development engagements compensate for weaknesses or address needs. Our needs may not be the same, exact needs of Critters. But we're going to try to assume things about them, but based on human needs - not theirs.
I see a young man in a low rider, and shake my head, noting lack of ground clearance, limited suspension travel, two-wheel-drive, etc., while noting with satisfaction that my truck will do so many things his "tool package" won't. Maybe he doesn't go where I do - need what I need - and looks at my truck as foolish excess.
"Dumb animals" instinctively do things that part of them - migration, reproduction, etc., - and their species survives year after year. Some keep relatively together, some separate and later come back together.
These Critters don't walk single file. To the contrary - they seem very much aware of what's around them - and if I were to guess, travel in what Ghengis and Sherman called "flying fingers." They can cover a lot of terrain, and if one "finger" comes upon a threat, or food source, the others can assemble with a minimum of communication.
I just think they do have clans/famillies and they work together for purposes of finding food and common defense. I'm not saying they have an alphabet, can recite "The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost, nor sing the chorus of "Messiah." I don't think they feel any need to paint like Cezanne, sculpt like Donatello, and don't feel our measures of "culture" should be held up to their set of parameters that meet their needs.
As long as they can track, gather, or kill to meet their needs, with size, speed, strength, cunning, instinct, and an ability to navigate through harsh terrain at night. then I'd say our attempts at classifications are a real reach.
Who knows? The typical clan/family may have a number of "way stations," consisting of any combination of caves, ravines, undercuts, and even hastily constructed shelters along a winter game migration route, and are smart enough to KNOW they'll possibly be tracked - just as they are able to track animals.