https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/04/ancient-dna-sediment-neanderthal-denisovan/524433/
This is the link from Cliff's site that I posted earlier here. It was given to inform people of the eDNA tests that they were talking about doing on the nests.
This is a small exert.
Viviane Slon from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and her colleagues have now managed to extract and sequence the DNA of ancient animals from sediment that’s up to 240,000 years old. By doing so, they can infer the presence of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other extinct hominids without ever having to find their bones. “We were surprised by how well it works,” says Slon. “The success rates were amazing.”
Neanderthal and Denisovans are different than us but they share the human chromosome 2 fusion.
All members of Hominidae except humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans have 24 pairs ofchromosomes. Humans have only 23 pairs of chromosomes.Human chromosome 2 is a result of an end-to-end fusion of two ancestral chromosomes.